ABSTRACT
To analyze the prevalence of syphilis in apparently healthy population in Madhya Pradesh during last 6 years. Methods: Serum samples were collected from Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Skin and Venereal diseases, Medicine, Surgery, etc., of the period of 6 years. All the serum samples were screened for syphilis by rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test using standard methods. Results: Out of 21,742 samples, 133 (0.62%) serum samples were found to be positive. The highest seroprevalence was observed in the group aged 25-31 years (0.89%) and lowest in 18-24 years (0.31%). Conclusion: RPR testing in this populations group plays a special value in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of syphilis.
ABSTRACT
Background: Neonatal sepsis is one of the commonest causes of neonatal mortality in the developing world. Aims & Objective: To determine the bacteriological profile of neonatal septicaemia, their antibacterial susceptibility pattern (AST) and production of extended spectrun β-lactamase (ESBL) by gram negative bacteria. Material and Methods: Blood culture specimens were collected from 238 neonates. Identification of organisms, their AST, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and ESBL detection was done. Results: Gram negative bacteria were more frequently isolated than gram positive bacteria. The gram positive bacteria were highly resistant to penicillin. Vancomycin and amoxyclav exhibited good activity against both Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase negative Staphylococcus. Gram negative bacteria also exhibited high resistance to the commonly prescribed group of drugs such as penicillins, cephalosporins and aminoglycosides. Out of the total 16 isolates of S. aureus, 31.25% were MRSA. ESBL production was seen in 52.9% of Escherichia coli and 50% of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Conclusion: E. coli and S. aureus were the most common bacteria associated with neonatal sepsis. Gram negative bacteria were isolated predominantly and many of them were resistant to several groups of drugs. Also high resistance was seen to third generation cephalosporins in case of E. coli and K. pneumoniae due to ESBL production.
ABSTRACT
Objective: Surgical site infections are an important cause of health care associated infections among surgical patients. Aim: To determine the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in surgical site infections with relation to age and sex and its antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. Methods: During a period of three years, 5,259 specimens received from surgical site infections were processed for isolation and identification of bacterial pathogens according to the standard microbiological techniques. Results: Abscess drainage was the most common type of surgical site infection (26.62%) and Staphylococcus aureus (34%) was the most common isolate. The most frequent isolation of the S. aureus in relation to age was noted in the age group of 21–40 years and the prevalence rate was higher in male patients. Out of the total S. aureus isolates, 27.96% were found to be methicillin resistant. Conclusions: There is a need for continuous surveillance and monitoring for the frequency of MRSA with its antimicrobial resistance patterns which may help in decreasing the prevalence of MRSA and antibiotic resistance.